biggest scientific discoveries of 2021

 if that's true it would make homology more closely related to us than neanderthals which we'd thought were our closest evolutionary relatives. 
In this list, we'll be looking at the most fascinating and significant things that scientists learned about the world in 2021 we'll be focusing on findings that add new information to scientific knowledge.

The maximum human life span

we can put a man on the moon and even edit our own genes but we can't cheat death. mind you 2021  saw some promising progress in this area a research team from Italy and Switzerland has discovered that people who live past 105 tend to have genes linked to efficient DNA repair could this be the key that unlocks immortality. but in the meantime, another set of researchers from Singapore Moscow, and buffalo new York believe that our maximum lifespan is probably between 120 and 150 based on blood cell and step counts they concluded that independent of stress factors our body experiences a quote progressive loss of physiological resilience putting a hard cap of 150 on the human lifespan.

Borgs 

the history of scientific progress is often the story of science fiction becoming reality that may be a stretch in this case but star trek did inspire the name of the Borg structures discovered in 2021. Microbiologist Jill Banfield stumbled upon them while studying mud from her backyard in California she noticed long strands of DNA that seemed to include genes from another microbe suggesting that the strand had assimilated them into itself Banfield's son a star trek fan suggested the name.

Human arrival in America

There's a lot we're still to learn about our migration out of Africa for example we can't really pinpoint when exactly we separated from our ancestors. We're also hazy on how long ago humans arrived in America. Researchers in the 1950s estimated that the first arrivals crossed a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska some 13 000 years ago. However, since then, we keep finding evidence of earlier settlements in September 2021 scientists announced the discovery of human footprints near white sands national park in New Mexico that date back 21 to 23 000 years. That means that people made their way to America, while the glaciers of the last ice age were still very frosty.

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The furthest water in the universe

our galaxy has an estimated 100 to 400 billion stars and one star per planet about 300 million of these could be habitable and there are an estimated 200 billion other galaxies in the observable universe when you put all these numbers together it seems almost certain that there's alien life out there, but how can we find it?  Well, one way is to look for water which is essential for all known forms of life and we're getting better and better at it. In 2021 researchers using the Atacama large millimeter array in Chile detected water in a galaxy located a staggering 12.88 billion light-years away. Technically it's actually two galaxies merging together creating interesting chemical reactions it's the furthest water detected so far in the universe.

Complex thoughts mirror fractals

what is thought? What does it look like? 
Every year we come closer and closer to understanding the brain and its relationship with the mind 2021 saw significant progress in brain scanning technologies with scientists at the University of Sussex developing a quantum brain scanner and scientists in china creating the first high-resolution 3d map of a monkey's brain. Scientists also made new inroads in developing brain-computer interfaces. But perhaps most intriguing of all a research team at Dartmouth has used imaging to discover that when people have complex thoughts their neural networks organize into fractals shapes that appear similar at different scales the paper's co-author Jeremy r manning describes the results as an amazing lightning storm of beautiful incredibly complicated patterns.